by Professor Dasan Swaminathan
Emerging research suggests a potential link between gum disease (periodontal disease) and breast cancer though the relationship is not yet fully understood.
Here is an overview of current findings:
Epidemiological Evidence
• Increased Risk Observed: A study involving over 70,000 postmenopausal women found that those with a history of periodontal disease had a 14% higher risk of developing breast cancer compared to those without such a history.
• Impact of Smoking: The association between gum disease and breast cancer risk appears stronger among former smokers who quit within the past 20 years, with a 36% increased risk observed in this group.
• Variability in Findings: Some studies have not found a significant association between periodontal disease and breast cancer, highlighting the need for further research to clarify this potential link.
Possible Biological Mechanisms
• Systemic Inflammation: Chronic inflammation from periodontal disease may contribute to cancer development by promoting an environment conducive to tumour growth.
• Bacterial Translocation: Pathogenic oral bacteria might enter the bloodstream through inflamed gums, potentially affecting distant sites like breast tissue.
• Immune System Modulation: Periodontal disease can alter immune responses, which may influence cancer risk.
Bidirectional Relationship
Not only might gum disease influence breast cancer risk, but breast cancer and its treatments can also impact oral health:
• Treatment Side Effects: Chemotherapy and other cancer treatments can lead to oral complications such as dry mouth, mucositis and increased susceptibility to infections.
• Higher Periodontitis Risk: Women with breast cancer may exhibit a higher risk for developing periodontitis, particularly younger women.
Clinical Implications
Given the potential connection between periodontal disease and breast cancer:
• Preventive Care: Maintaining good oral hygiene and regular dental check-ups are essential, especially for individuals at risk. Although research is being carried out on this link, the exact mechanism has not been determined till now. However, an ideal oral health should be maintained to deter any systemic health issues.
• Integrated Healthcare: Healthcare providers should consider oral health as part of comprehensive cancer care and prevention strategies.
The views published here are entirely that of the writer, Professor Dasan Swaminathan, an advocate for healthcare for all
WE